In 2nd semester you would have to collect plants, save and press those specimens, paste them to herbarium sheets, collecting information about them and you have to submit this all in the practical examination.
For this a trip would be arranged by department and the teachers will guide u how to collect plants. Place them carefully in a rough notebook and don’t let the leaves damage.
As you have all plants in a notebook (single plant between two pages), place some weight over the notebook. Watch the book after every two days to avoid fungal attack on plants. In this way the plants would be pressed.
Note: it can take about a month to press the plants.
For this you will need herbarium sheets 11.5” x 16.5” (you can buy them from Dr. Sultan Ahmad herbarium in gcu), camel hair brush, wood glue and fiber cloth tape.
After the plants have fully pressed, apply some wood glue with the help of camel hair brush and paste the plant over herbarium sheet. Put a paper on it and some weight over the paper. After 20 minutes check the sheet, put some fiber cloth tape to attach plant to the sheet from where it is not attached.
Now paste the herbarium tag and write information about that plant. These sheets are ready to submit.
Botanical name: Cyperus rotundus L.
Family: cyperaceae
Local name: dela
Habit: perinnial herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-1000m above sea level
Flowering period: feb-may
Remarks: Its tubers are used for treating abdominal pain, facilitate urination; dewormer; anti-sweat and tonic.
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Family: Asteraceae
Local name: jithjath
Habit: perennial herb
Habitat: Tropic and subtropic areas
Altitude: 0-112m above sea level
Flowering period: feb to may
Remarks: it is used as medicine for dropsy, swelling, oedema, gout, febrifuges and as pain killer.
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Family: chenopodiaceae
Local name: bathu
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-3600m above sea level
Flowering period: nov to march
Remarks: it is edible and is cooked in Pakistan
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Botanical name: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Family: solanaceae
Local name: jungli tobacoo
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-78m above sea level
Flowering period: feb-august
Remarks: it has tubular corolla and is tertiary genetic relative of tobacco.
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Botanical name: Salvia plebeia
Family: Lamiaceae
Local name: kamar kas
Habit: Annual herb
Habitat: Tropic and subtropic areas
Altitude: 0-2800m above sea level
Flowering period: feb to may
Remarks: used to treat urinary tract infection (UTI) in many areas.
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Botanical name: Medicago polymorpha L.
Family: papillonaceae
Local name: meena
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-1000m above sea level
Flowering period: feb- novmbr
Remarks: young leaves are edible, the prickles are slightly hooked and catch on fur of animals.
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Botanical name: Coronapus didymus L.
Family: Brasicaceae
Local name: hazar danii
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: Temprate & tropical areas
Altitude: 0-250m above sea level
Flowering period: jan-april
Remarks: highly divided leaves, unpleasant odour, greenish flower, small globular 2 lobed fruit
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Botanical name: Mazus pumilus
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Local name: Japanese mazus
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: Tropic and subtropic areas
Altitude: 0-2200m above sea level
Flowering period: feb to may
Remarks: the juice of this plant is used for treatment of typhoid. It has purple flowers.
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Botanical name: Polygonum plebejum
Family: polygonaceae
Local name: hindh booti
Habit: perinnial herb
Habitat: Temprate & tropical areas
Altitude: 400-2500m above sea level
Flowering period: feb to sept
Remarks: it is commonly found in grass and have pink flowers.
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Botanical name: Melilotus indica
Family: fabaceae
Local name: sigeni
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-2000m above sea level
Flowering period: feb to june
Remarks: seeds used as for treating infertile diarrhea, externally used as plaster on swelling and is anti-coagulant.
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Botanical name: Phalaris minor
Family: poaceae
Local name: dumbi citti
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-2500m above sea level
Flowering period: june-july
Remarks: it is a weed present in rice, wheat etc
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Botanical name: Acacia nilotica Mill.
Family: mimosaceae
Local name: kikar
Habit: tree
Habitat: temprate regions
Altitude: 0-1500m above sea level
Flowering period: march-november
Remarks: its gum have many medicinal uses, lumber is used for making furniture-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Botanical name: Solanum nigrum L.
Family: solanaceae
Local name: peelak, mako
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-3000m above sea level
Flowering period: feb-august
Remarks: used to treat inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections; decoction drunk for body pain and heart problems.
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Botanical name: Cannabis sativa L.
Family: Cannabaceae
Local name: Bhang
Habit: Annual herb
Habitat: Temprate and subtropic areas
Altitude: 0-400m above sea level
Flowering period: march- september
Remarks: dried leaves are drunk for narcotic action. Juice of leaves applied to hand to remove dandruff and vermin.
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Botanical name: Calotropis procera
Family: asclepiadaceae
Local name: aak
Habit: shrub
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-1000m above sea level
Flowering period: feb-novmbr
Remarks: it is used for treatment of tooth problems.
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Botanical name: Conyza ambigua
Family: asteraceae
Local name:
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-3100m above sea level
Flowering period: feb to September
Remarks: its seeds are ground because have aroma that repel insects.
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Botanical name: Malva parviflora L.
Family: malvaceae
Local name: sonchal
Habit: annual weed
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-210m above sea level
Flowering period: april-sept
Remarks: its leaves and fruit are edible when young, used for cooking purposes.
Botanical name: Eclipta alba L.
Family: asteraceae
Local name: bangra booti
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-1500m above sea level
Flowering period: feb-novmbr
Remarks: used to treat gum swelling, ulcer of head, nosebleeds, and diarrhea and is anti-poison.
Botanical name: Lantana camara L.
Family: verbenaceae
Local name:sage
Habit: shrub
Habitat: tropic and subtropic areas
Altitude: 0-1700m above sea level
Flowering period: oct-feb
Remarks: used as herbal medicine as antimicrobial; antifungal; nematicidal activity.
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Botanical name: Ricinus communis
Family: euphorbiaceae
Local name: handola
Habit: perinnial shrub
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-800m above sea level
Flowering period: april-septmbr
Remarks: its seeds yield oil. In industries it is used for manufacturing cooking oil.
Botanical name: Avena sativa
Family: poaceae
Local name: javi
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropical & subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-2000m above sea level
Flowering period: sept- april
Remarks: it is a weed found in wheat, rice, maize etc.
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Botanical name: Parthenium hysterophorus L.
Family: asteraceae
Local name: star weed
Habit: annual weed
Habitat: subtropical & temprate areas
Altitude: 0-2200m above sea level
Flowering period: feb-novmbr
Remarks: it is toxic but some allopathic medicines are prepared from it.
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Botanical name: Trifolium resupinatum L.
Family: Fabaceae
Local name: shatala
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: meditarian &subtropical areas
Altitude: 0-200m above sea level
Flowering period: april- june
Remarks: it is highly digestable feed for animals and also help to treat waterloging problem.
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Botanical name: Amaranthus viridis L.
Family: amaranthaceae
Local name: cholai
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: Temprate & tropical areas
Altitude: 0-2500m above sea level
Flowering period: april-septmbr
Remarks: its leaves are edible, it is also anti-viral and anti-nociceptive.
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Botanical name: Rumex dentatus
Family: Polygonaceae
Local name:
Habit: annual herb
Habitat: tropic and subtropic areas
Altitude: upto 210.8m from sea level
Flowering period: march too july
Remarks: used as cooling agent and for decontamination of polluted water, used as anti-bacterial and in cutaneous disorders.
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Botanical name: Cirsium arvense
Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Polhi
Habit: Perennial herb
Habitat: Tropic and subtropic areas
Altitude: 0-1500m above sea level
Flowering period: Feb. to may
Remarks: young leaves are edible and cooked with other vegetables.
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